Crafting counter frames: Shell's corporate strategies in the Nigeria campaign, 1995–1998

In this article we analyse the actions of Royal Dutch/Shell (since 2021, Shell) considering campaign against them and their operations in Nigeria mid-1990s. Using concept counter-frames Shell's internal documentation to understand how a multinational extractive industry engaged disputes legitimacy critiques operations. Focusing on frame contributes with an understanding practical development counter-frames. historical records form situational reports circulated among subsidiaries during period show different strategies such as lobbying, individual contacts, embedded journalists, production information products social programs all were developed through contingent process between subsidiaries, public movement organisations. Rather than solely identifying used by oil companies paper expose logics Shell which add important insights corporate light environmental human right campaigns, legislations standards.